Forum: Gendered Dynamics of Academic Networks

This forum examines whether scholars' access to networks in the international studies profession is gendered and if so, the consequences of those networks for personal and professional success. Academic networks that encompass both professional and personal connections have been proposed as one solution to chilly climate issues because they provide a dual function of enhancing scholarly productivity and inclusion in the profession. The articles in the forum consider both professional (e.g. citation) and personal (e.g. mentorship, friendship) networks, as well as traditional (e.g. invited talks) and nontraditional (e.g. social media) networks. The authors show that biases that arise through the gendered nature of academic networks can be mitigated through social media, mentoring, and friendship networks. However, we must also be cognizant of other factors that create barriers for women in the profession (e.g. university prestige, parenthood, COVID-19). [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Studies Perspectives is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Fatores de Vulnerabilidade para o Sofrimento Psicológico durante o Distanciamento Social

O distanciamento social durante a pandemia de coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) tem acarretado uma série de efeitos na saúde mental dos brasileiros. Pensando nisso, buscou-se identificar os fatores que ocasionaram maior vulnerabilidade para o sofrimento psicológico durante o distanciamento social. Na coleta de dados, foi aplicado um questionário eletrônico no Google Forms, respondido por 566 brasileiros. Posteriormente, realizaram-se testes não paramétricos de correlações de Spearman. Os fatores de maior vulnerabilidade apontados foram renda e idade reduzidas, perdas financeiras durante a pandemia, uso aumentado de redes sociais, maior contato com informações relacionadas à pandemia e o acúmulo de trabalho no home office. Todos esses aspectos estão relacionados ao aumento de estresse, ansiedade e humor deprimido. Pretende-se que esses resultados possam subsidiar estratégias de cuidado em saúde mental destinadas à população durante situações como a pandemia.Alternate : Social distancing during the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has had several effects on the mental health of Brazilians. With this in mind, we sought to identify determinants of greater vulnerability to psychological suffering during social distancing. We evaluated the responses of 566 Brazilians to an electronic questionnaire developed on Google Forms, finding Spearman correlations, an adequate nonparametric test, among the variables of interest. The most relevant factors were reduced income and age, financial losses during the pandemic, increased use of social media, a more frequent Covid-19 news consumption, and excessive workload at home. All of these aspects are related to an increase in stress, anxiety, and depressed mood. These results can support mental health care strategies during situations like the pandemic.Alternate : El distanciamiento social durante la pandemia de coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) tuvo varios efectos en la salud mental de los brasileños. Por lo tanto, buscamos identificar los factores que han causado mayor vulnerabilidad a la angustia psicológica durante el distanciamiento social. Para la recolección de datos, se aplicó un cuestionario electrónico en Google Forms, respondido por 566 brasileños. Posteriormente se realizaron pruebas de correlación de Spearman no paramétricas. Los factores identificados fueron menores ingresos y edad, pérdidas económicas durante la pandemia, mayor uso de las redes sociales, mayor contacto con información relacionada con la pandemia y retrasos en el teletrabajo. Todo esto está relacionado con un aumento del estrés, la ansiedad y el estado de ánimo deprimido. Estos resultados tienen como objetivo apoyar las estrategias de atención de salud mental para la población durante situaciones como la pandemia.

Impact of conventional and digital advertising on the resilience of MSMEs in southern Tamaulipas during COVID-19 / Impacto de la publicidad tradicional y digital en la resiliencia de las mipymes del sur de Tamaulipas durante COVID-19

Resumen La publicidad es una parte de la mercadotecnia que ha demostrado, durante décadas y tal vez siglos, ser efectiva para la productividad de los negocios. En México, la pandemia de COVID-19, desde el mes de abril de 2020 y al menos a mayo de 2021, ha dejado estragos comerciales y empresariales diversos, que se pueden apreciar en la quiebra de algunos negocios y en el nacimiento o desarrollo de otros. La resiliencia de las empresas, capacidad de sobreponerse a las adversidades del entorno, ha sido un tema importante durante la pandemia. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar en qué medida impacta la publicidad, tanto tradicional como digital, en la resiliencia de las empresas. Se realizó una investigación empírica cuantitativa en el mes de mayo de 2021, en la que se aplicó un cuestionario en línea de 30 ítems a una muestra de 302 micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas de la zona sur del estado de Tamaulipas, México. Los resultados mostraron que las empresas encuestadas manifestaron utilizar casi en la misma proporción la publicidad tradicional y digital. Se encontró además una correlación significativa y positiva entre los dos tipos de publicidad y la resiliencia de las empresas, por lo que se puede recomendar a los empresarios definir estrategias encaminadas a utilizar todos los medios publicitarios para anunciarse y así incrementar la posibilidad de tener sostenibilidad empresarial, en particular en tiempos adversos.

Abstract Advertising is a part of marketing that has proved over decades, and perhaps centuries, to be effective for business productivity. The COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico, which paused large numbers of economic activities from April 2020 to at least May 2021, has left diverse commercial and business disruptions. These can be seen in the bankruptcy of some businesses and in the birth or development of others. The resilience of enterprises, understood as the capacity to overcome the adversities of the environment has been an important topic during the pandemic. The aim of this work was to determine the extent to which both, conventional and digital advertising impact on the resilience of enterprises. An empirical quantitative investigation was carried out in May 2021, in which a 30-item online questionnaire was administered to a sample of 302 micro, small and medium-sized enterprises located in the southern region of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Results showed that the surveyed companies claimed that they use conventional and virtual advertising in almost the same proportion. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between the use of the two types of advertising and the resilience of enterprises. Therefore, it is advisable for entrepreneurs to define strategies that lead to the use of all advertising mediums in order to increase the possibility of achieving entrepreneurial sustainability, especially in adverse circumstances.

Social media and the case of sport leagues during covid-19 / Las redes sociales y el caso de las ligas deportivas durante el covid-19 / Redes sociais e o caso das ligas esportivas durante a covid-19

Resumen Este estudio contribuye a la literatura existente sobre comunicación deportiva proporcionando evidencia sobre cómo las organizaciones deportivas se comunicaron en las redes sociales durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Para tal fin, se realizó un análisis de contenido de las publicaciones de las redes sociales Facebook, Twitter e Instagram de cinco grandes competiciones: Liga ENDESA ACB, TURKISH AIRLINES Euroleague, NBA, La Liga y la UEFA Champions League. En total se analizaron 2.425 publicaciones recopiladas por un período de dos semanas (1 al 15 de abril de 2020). Los resultados mostraron que, a pesar de las diferencias encontradas desde una perspectiva descriptiva, tras el análisis estadístico, las organizaciones deportivas analizadas optaron por una estrategia de gestión similar de sus redes sociales. Estos hallazgos pueden ayudar a comprender cómo las organizaciones deportivas lidiaron con el COVID-19, y ayudarlas a enfrentar crisis futuras con un mayor conocimiento sobre sus acciones pasadas.

Resumo Este estudo contribui para a literatura existente sobre comunicação esportiva, fornecendo evidências sobre como as organizações esportivas se comunicaram nas redes sociais durante a pandemia de covid-19. Para isso, procedeu-se a uma análise de conteúdo das publicações nas redes sociais Facebook, Twitter e Instagram de cinco grandes competições: Liga ENDESA ACB, TURKISH AIRLINES Euroleague, NBA, La Liga e UEFA Champions League. No total, 2.425 publicações coletadas em um período de duas semanas (1º de abril a 15 de abril de 2020) foram analisadas. Os resultados mostraram que, apesar das diferenças encontradas do ponto de vista descritivo, após a análise estatística, as organizações esportivas analisadas optaram por uma estratégia de gestão semelhante para suas redes sociais. Essas descobertas podem ajudar a entender como as organizações esportivas lidaram com a covid-19 e ajudá-las a enfrentar crises futuras com maior percepção de suas ações passadas.

Abstract This study contributes to the existing literature on sports communication by providing evidence on how sports organizations communicated on social media during the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, a content analysis was carried out on the publications of the social networks Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram of five major competitions: Liga ENDESA ACB, TURKISH AIRLINES Euroleague), NBA, La Liga and the UEFA Champions League. In total, 2,425 publications collected over a period of two weeks (April 1 to April 15, 2020) were analyzed. The results showed that, despite the differences found from a descriptive perspective, after the statistical analysis, the sports organizations analyzed opted for a similar management strategy for their social media. These findings can help understand how sports organizations dealt with COVID-19 and help them face future crises with greater insight into their past actions.

Instagram as an informative tool for the news science project / Instagram como ferramenta informativa do projeto ciência news / Instagram como herramienta informativa para el proyecto ciência news

O presente trabalho traz o relato de experiência da criação de um perfil no Instagram, realizado pela Câmara de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão (CENPEX) da Faculdade Ciências da Vida (FCV) de Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, como meio de disseminar informações científicas ao público interno e externo à FCV. Diante da impossibilidade de se realizar atividades extensionistas no formato presencial, devido à pandemia da Covid-19, o ensino da FCV foi interrompido de modo presencial em março de 2020 e passou a ser remoto. Desta forma, foi criado, pela CENPEX, um projeto de extensão e pesquisa voltado para divulgação científica nas redes sociais envolvendo temáticas na área de saúde, meio ambiente, sustentabilidade e direitos humanos. O grupo de extensão e pesquisa, composto por professores e pesquisadores da FCV, selecionou alunos de diferentes cursos da faculdade e os direcionou à criação de um perfil no Instagram denominado @cenpexfcv que passou a ter o papel principal de difundir informações científicas confiáveis. O objetivo foi de conscientizar a população em geral no entendimento de diferentes temáticas relacionadas especialmente à Covid- 19, em virtude da pandemia, de modo a combater fake news. O perfil disponibiliza posts, animações, informativos, folders, enquetes e lives com profissionais especialistas, que buscam sanar as dúvidas dos seguidores. Ao longo dos oito meses de projetos, já foram montadas 94 formas interativas de divulgação, que, quantitativamente, tem mostrado o crescimento no engajamento, considerado como um aspecto positivo do projeto. Dessa forma, pode-se inferir que o uso de mídias sociais, como o Instagram, quando utilizada de forma direcionada e com informações fidedignas, podem contribuir efetivamente para o desenvolvimento da divulgação científica.

This work presents an experience report of the creation of a profile on Instagram, carried out by the Chamber of Teaching, Research and Extension (CENPEX) of the Faculdade Ciências da Vida (FCV) at Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, as a means of disseminating scientific information to the internal and external public to FCV. Faced with the impossibility of carrying out extension activities in in-campus format, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the face-to-face teaching of FCV was interrupted in March 2020 and became remote. In this way, CENPEX created an extension and research project aimed at scientific dissemination on social networks involving themes in the area of health, environment, sustainability and human rights. The extension and research group, made up of FCV professors and researchers, selected students from different courses at the faculty and directed them to create an Instagram profile called @cenpexfcv, which took on the main role of disseminating reliable scientific information. The objective was to raise the awareness of the general population in understanding different issues related especially to Covid-19, due to the pandemic, in order to combat fake news. The profile provides posts, animations, newsletters, folders, polls and lives with specialist professionals, who seek to resolve the doubts of the followers. Over the eight months of the project, 94 interactive forms of dissemination have already been set up, which, quantitatively, have shown the growth in engagement, considered as a positive aspect of the project. Thus, it can be inferred that the use of social media, such as Instagram, when used in a targeted way and with reliable information, can effectively contribute to the development of scientific dissemination.

Este trabajo trae el informe de la experiencia de la creación de un perfil en Instagram, realizado por la Cámara de Enseñanza, Investigación y Extensión (CENPEX) de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida (FCV) de Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, como medio de difusión de información científica al público interno y externo a la FCV. Ante la imposibilidad de realizar actividades de extensión en formato presencial, debido a la pandemia del Covid-19, la enseñanza en la FCV se interrumpió en modalidad presencial en marzo de 2020 y pasó a ser a distancia. Así, se creó, por parte del CENPEX, un proyecto de extensión e investigación enfocado a la divulgación científica en redes sociales que involucra temas en el área de salud, medio ambiente, sostenibilidad y derechos humanos. El grupo de extensión e investigación, compuesto por profesores e investigadores de la FCV, seleccionó a estudiantes de diferentes cursos de la facultad y los orientó a la creación de un perfil en Instagram llamado @cenpexfcv que comenzó a tener como función principal la difusión de información científica confiable. El objetivo era sensibilizar a la población en general en la comprensión de diferentes temas relacionados especialmente con Covid-19, debido a la pandemia, para combatir las fake news. El perfil ofrece posts, animaciones, boletines, carpetas, encuestas y vidas con expertos profesionales, que buscan responder a las preguntas de los seguidores. A lo largo de los ocho meses de proyecto, ya se han reunido 94 formas interactivas de difusión, lo que, cuantitativamente, ha demostrado el crecimiento del compromiso, considerado como un aspecto positivo del proyecto. Por lo tanto, se puede deducir que el uso de las redes sociales, como Instagram, cuando se utiliza de forma selectiva y con información fiable, puede contribuir eficazmente al desarrollo de la divulgación científica.

Rompiendo la infodemia: descubriendo el SARS-CoV-2 / Breaking infodemic: discovering SARS-CoV-2

By December 2019, multiple cases of unexplained pneumonia were reported in some hospitals in the city of Wuhan, China. Since then, it had been confirmed that it corresponded to an acute respiratory infection caused by a new coronavirus that spread quickly, becoming pandemic in a very short time. On the other hand, this pandemic forced confinement for months, something unprecedented. In that time, millions of people went online for entertainment, education, etc. Consequently, the use of the Internet increased, bringing, on the one hand, online education, and entertainment on the Internet, ensuring social distancing; and on the other hand, it brought new new risks to human life, among them rumors. In this way and given the large number of publications that could denote the level of misinformation about COVID-19 and the impact it could have on global public health, various scientific publications were analyzed and identified from a bibliometric point of view. Potential relationships between the descriptors obtained from the bibliometric search were identified. The results were conglomerated into 5 clusters: Cluster 1, related to studies on access to information provided on COVID-19; cluster 2 shows the list of studies that have been carried out on the information on the COVID-19 vaccine, cluster 3 analyzes the different responses given by conspiracy theories, rumors and misinformation about COVID-19, the Group 4 shows cross-sectional and longitudinal research on COVID-19 and the information it provides to the health sector, and cluster 5 represents studies on scientific production and communication that have contributed to global health during the pandemic(AU)

Para diciembre de 2019, se registraron múltiples casos de una neumonía inexplicables en algunos hospitales de la ciudad de Wuhan, China. Desde ese momento se había confirmado correspondía a una infección respiratoria aguda causada por un nuevo coronavirus que se propagó rápidamente haciéndose pandémico en muy poco tiempo. Por otra parte, esta pademia obligó a un confinamiento por meses, algo sin precedente. En ese tiempo, millones de personas se conectaron en línea para entretenimiento, educación, etc. En consecuencia, el uso de Internet aumentó trayendo, por una parte, educación online y entretenimiento en Internet asegurando el distanciamiento social; y por otra parte, trajo nuevos nuevos riesgos a la vida humana, entre ellos los rumores. En ese sentido, y ante la gran cantidad de publicaciones que podrían denotar el nivel de desinformación sobre el COVID-19 y el impacto que podría tener en la salud pública mundial, se analizaron e identificaron diversas publicaciones científicas desde el punto de vista bibliométrico. Se identificaron las relaciones potenciales entre los descriptores arrojados de la búsqueda bibliométrica. Los resultados se conglomeraron en 5 clúster: El clúster 1, relacionado con los estudios sobre el acceso a la información proporcionada sobre COVID-19; el clúster 2, muestra la relación de los estudios que se han realizado sobre la información de la vacuna COVID-19, el clúster 3, analiza las distintas respuestas que dan las teorías conspirativas, los rumores y la desinformación sobre el COVID-19, el grupo 4 muestra investigaciones transversales y longitudinales sobre el COVID-19 y la información que brinda al sector salud, y el clúster 5 representa los estudios sobre producción y comunicación científicas que han contribuido a la salud mundial durante la pandemia(AU)

Forum: Gendered Dynamics of Academic Networks

This forum examines whether scholars' access to networks in the international studies profession is gendered and if so, the consequences of those networks for personal and professional success. Academic networks that encompass both professional and personal connections have been proposed as one solution to chilly climate issues because they provide a dual function of enhancing scholarly productivity and inclusion in the profession. The articles in the forum consider both professional (e.g., citation) and personal (e.g., mentorship, friendship) networks, as well as traditional (e.g., invited talks) and nontraditional (e.g., social media) networks. The authors show that biases that arise through the gendered nature of academic networks can be mitigated through social media, mentoring, and friendship networks. However, we must also be cognizant of other factors that create barriers for women in the profession (e.g., university prestige, parenthood, COVID-19).

Typology of viral misinformation content during the first months of the COVID-19 health emergency in Peru.

This study includes a content analysis of viral disinformation (N=80) since the first COVID-19 case confirmed and during the mandatory quarantine in Peru (March 6th, 2020 - June 30th, 2020), that were identified by fact-checkers and public entities. The study adapts a typology for information disorders: exaggeration, decontextualization, deception, false alerts and frauds, and highlights their main characteristics. The investigation reveals that WhatsApp was the principal platform used for disseminating hoaxes, in addition to multiple social networks. Misinformation stories are mainly photos or text, and the contents were related to the health crisis, the economic bonus for vulnerable families, pandemic restrictions, and health myths. In addition, the study shows a useful guide for professionals working on fact-checking. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Se realiza un análisis de los contenidos de desinformación (N=80) que alcanzaron viralidad tras el anuncio del primer caso de COVID-19 y durante la cuarentena obligatoria por la pandemia (6 de marzo al 30 de junio del 2020), y que fueron identificados por sitios de fact-checking y entidades públicas. El estudio adapta una tipología que incluye cinco tipos de contenidos desinformativos: exageración, descontextualización, engaño, alertas falsas y estafas, destacando sus características principales. De esta manera, la investigación revela que WhatsApp fue el medio digital más usado para la difusión, así como el uso de múltiples redes sociales. Las fotos y texto fueron los elementos más usados para estos contenidos, mientras que las principales temáticas se centraron en la crisis sanitaria, el bono económico para las familias vulnerables, las restricciones en la pandemia, y los mitos de salud. Además, el estudio propone una guía para el proceso de verificación de datos en un contexto de emergencia sanitaria vigente. (Spanish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Revista de Comunicación is the property of Revista de Comunicacion-Universidad de Piura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Trends of social networks in the American College of Surgeons Clinical Congress and the Congreso Nacional de Cirugía. Analysis of the #ACSCC20 and #CNCirugia2020.

AIM: The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of the congresses of the American College of Surgeons (ACSCC2020) and the National Surgery Congress of the Spanish Association of Surgeons (CNC2020) in virtual format due to the SARS-CoV2 pandemic according to the fingerprint. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Twitter hashtags # ACSCC20 and # CNCirugia2020 were studied to determine tweets, retweets, users and impressions. The data on the accounts with the greatest influence and the historical evolution of the congresses between 2015 and 2020 were analyzed. We used the symplur software to collect and analyze the data. RESULTS: Between 2015 and 2017 there was a consistent increase in the number of tweets, participants and impressions. Between 2018 and 2020, the ACS maintains the number of impressions with the fewest number of tweets. However, the CNC continues to grow and achieves its best metrics in 2020. We found statistically significant differences between the most prolific accounts of the ACSCC versus the CNC (P < .002) but there are no differences between the 10 most influential accounts (P = ,19) or the accounts with the highest number of impressions (P = .450) CONCLUSIONS: Virtual congresses generate a global impact through the use of Twitter for the dissemination of knowledge. In the present 2020, the growth of the impact on social networks has been proportionally greater in the CNC than in the ACSCC. However, the ACS virtual congress generated the greatest impact on social networks measured by the number of users, tweets and impressions between 2015 and 2020.

Students' views about using WhatsApp for learning histology during COVID-19 / Opinión del alumnado sobre el uso de WhatsApp en el aprendizaje de la histología durante COVID-19

RESUMEN: La pandemia de COVID-19 ha provocado importantes retos para el sistema de enseñanza superior. Las medidas adoptadas para prevenir la transmisión comunitaria han desplazado la enseñanza presencial frente a la virtual. Las nuevas prácticas de enseñanza y aprendizaje adoptadas han planteado la necesidad de reforzar la dimensión social del aprendizaje. En este contexto, hemos implementado el uso de WhatsApp para interactuar y compartir contenidos académicos en un pequeño grupo de estudiantes de un curso de Histología. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la percepción de los estudiantes sobre la eficacia de esta red social para facilitar la comunicación y compartir información educativa, su utilidad en el aprendizaje y su capacidad para modificar la dimensión afectiva durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes tenían una actitud positiva hacia el uso de WhatsApp en el entorno de aprendizaje, de modo que facilitó la comunicación y la cohesión del grupo, favoreció el aprendizaje y redujo la ansiedad ante la evaluación. Así, las redes sociales deberían integrarse en el proceso de aprendizaje teniendo en cuenta las características del alumnado.

SUMMARY: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant challenges for the higher education system. The adopted measures to prevent community transmission have shifted face-to-face teaching to virtual education. The new adopted teaching and learning practices have raised the need for reinforcing the social dimension of learning. In this context, we have implemented the use of WhatsApp to interact and sharing academic contents in a small group of students in a Histology course. The aim of this study was to evaluate the students' perceptions about the effectiveness of this social network in facilitating communication and sharing educational information, its usefulness in learning, and its ability to modify the affective dimension during the teaching- learning process. The results showed that students had a positive attitude towards the use of WhatsApp in the learning environment, so that it facilitated communication and group cohesion, favored learning and reduced anxiety in the face of evaluation. Thus, social networks must be integrated in learning process considering students' characteristics.

Use of instagram as a pedagogical tool for teaching morphology in times of COVID-19 / Utilización de instagram como una herramienta pedagógica para la enseñanza de morfología en tiempos de COVID-19

RESUMEN: El año 2020 se declaró a la COVID-19 como pandemia, afectando a Chile en sus actividades comerciales, sociales y de educación, haciendo imposible la interacción presencial estudiante-docente en todas las universidades del país. Lo anterior, sumado al difícil momento económico y social que los estudiantes atraviesan, se torna necesario la búsqueda de estrategias que lo acerquen al docente para brindarles de manera más sencilla y rápida el material de estudio. Instagram resulta ser una herramienta de fácil uso y acceso para todos. El objetivo fue utilizar la plataforma de redes sociales Instagram como una herramienta útil de acercamiento a contenidos de Histología y Embriología, para estudiantes de la Universidad de Talca, Chile. Como metodología, se utilizó la plataforma Instagram, con una cuenta diseñada para entregar material docente a estudiantes de primer y segundo año de la Universidad de Talca, en las carreras de las Ciencias de la Salud, en las áreas de Histología y Embriología, consistentes en preguntas teóricas y prácticas, figuras rotuladas, caricaturas y esquemas diseñados y confeccionados de manera propia. Dicho material fue puesto diariamente en la plataforma según las materias que el estudiantado debería ver por calendario en los distintos módulos. Luego de transcurrido el primer semestre del se procedió a realizar una encuesta con el fin de evaluar el impacto de la iniciativa en los estudiantes. Éstos percibieron la iniciativa docente de manera positiva, con metodologías que incentivaron la participación e interacción académico-estudiante. Resaltaron la calidad del material y el acceso más rápido y en todo momento desde sus teléfonos móviles. Instagram viene a ser una buena herramienta coadyuvante a otras metodologías de entrega de material docente por vías formales institucionales, permitiendo a los estudiantes un fácil acceso, rápido y de bajo costo.

SUMMARY: In 2020, COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, affecting our country both in commercial, social and educational activities; making student-teacher interaction impossible in all the country's universities. This, added to the difficult economic and social times that our students are going through, make it increasingly necessary to search for strategies that bring us closer to providing them with study material in a simpler way. This is why Instagram turns out to be a tool that is accessible and easy to use. The objective was to describe the social media platform Instagram as a useful tool for accessing Histology and Embryology content, for students at the Universidad de Talca, Chile. As a methodology, the Instagram platform was used, with an account designed to deliver teaching material to first and second year students of the Universidad de Talca, in the Health Sciences degree programs, in areas of Histology and Embryology, consisting of theoretical and practical questions, labeled figures, cartoons and diagrams designed and created themselves. This material was posted on the platform daily according to the subjects that the students should see according to the calendar in the different modules. After the first semester of this year, a survey was taken in order to evaluate the impact of the initiative on students. The students perceived the teaching initiative in a positive way, with methodologies that encouraged academic-student participation and interaction. They highlighted the quality of the material and the quicker access at all times from their mobile phones. Instagram becomes a good tool to help other methodologies to delivery of teaching material through formal institutional channels, allowing students to access faster and at a low cost of navigation.

Altmetric analysis of COVID-19 research published in 2020

The alarming spread of COVID-19 has generated unprecedented scientific output in response to the search for treatments and vaccines to help curb the pandemic. The media, social and scientific networks have become a prime stage for the dissemination of academic publications and, consequently, potential tools to assess the social impact of research on COVID-19. The present work proposes to analyze the impact and use of publications in social and scientific networks through the use of altmetric indicators. The Dimensions and Altmetric.com databases are used as tools for the analysis of scientific production and the online attention received. The results show a predominance of Twitter mentions, followed by readings and citations in Mendeley and Dimensions. The topics with the most attention were related to treatments, transmission routes, symptoms, deaths and vaccines. © 2022. CSIC. All Rights Reserved.

Enseñando a través de la radio comunitaria y redes sociales: propuesta para el contexto rural

El presente artículo trata sobre la primera etapa de un proceso de investigación más amplio que busca nuevas alternativas para disminuir la brecha existente en educación y que a raíz de la crisis sanitaria producto del COVID-19, ha aumentado significativamente en sectores altamente vulnerables. El objetivo de desarrollar un modelo de enseñanza para el contexto rural que permita dar respuesta educativa y asegurar el acompañamiento a los estudiantes en contexto de pandemia y post COVID-19, a través de la radio comunitaria y redes sociales, para aportar en la construcción de nuevos espacios educativos a través de recursos que faciliten el acceso al conocimiento, interacción e innovación pedagógica desde la valoración de la realidad contextual y sociodemográfica que caracterizan a las escuelas rurales del sur de Chile. Se utiliza el método de revisión documental de tal manera de encontrar en la literatura experiencias que den sustento y valor práctico a una propuesta metodológica que permite en distintas etapas plasmar un modelo para el uso de nuevas tecnologías en contextos rurales. En un primer momento se propone el desarrollo y levantamiento de información territorial de tal manera de conocer experiencias anteriores, caracterizar el contexto e identificar brechas, en una segunda etapa la transferencia hacia las comunidades educativas para que estas se apropien del uso de tecnologías no convencionales como la radio comunitaria y tecnologías digitales como redes sociales, como un canal de enseñanza y comunicación que complementa la experiencia de aprendizaje del aula tradicional, y finalmente la sistematización de resultados para favorecer la difusión de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en contextos rurales. En conclusión, la propuesta busca que se considere la realidad territorial para el diseño de metodologías de enseñanza que se ajustan a las características del contexto y se vinculan con las necesidades regionales, desarrollando un modelo educativo que responde a la realidad local y vincula las nuevas tecnologías y uso de plataformas con los valores tradicionales de la radio comunitaria, acercando la enseñanza al hogar y abriendo la sala de clases a nuevos escenarios educativos.Alternate :The work presented here corresponds to the first stage of a broader research process that looks for new alternatives to reduce the existing gap in education and, as a result of the health crisis caused by COVID-19, has increased significantly in highly vulnerable sectors. The purpose is to develop a teaching model for rural context that allows providing an educational response and ensuring the support of students in the context of the pandemic and postCOVID-19, using community radio and social media. Thus, it is expected to contribute to the construction of new educational spaces through resources that facilitate access to knowledge, interaction, and pedagogical innovation assessing the contextual and sociodemographic reality that characterize rural schools in southern Chile. Documentary Review method is used to find experiences in the literature that give support and practical value to a methodological proposal that allows, in different stages, to design a model for the use of new technologies in rural contexts. At first, the territorial information survey is proposed in order to know previous experiences, characterize the context, and identify gaps. In a second stage the transfer to the educational communities is needed, so that they appropriate the use of non-conventional technologies such as community radio and social media as a teaching and communication channel that complements the learning experience of the traditional classroom. Finally, the systematization of results to promote the dissemination of teaching and learning processes in rural contexts. In conclusion, the proposal aims to consider the territorial reality for the design of teaching methodologies that adjust to the characteristics of the context and are linked to regional needs. Thus, an educational model that r sponds to the local reality and links new technologies is developed, promoting the use of platforms with the traditional values of community radio, bringing education closer to students’ home, and opening classrooms to new educational scenarios. 

COVID-19 vaccine disinformation on YouTube: analysis of a viewing network

COVID-19 has generated a social crisis that has required the production of vast amounts of information of various types, including medical. In this scenario, hoaxes and fake news about health issues have also increased, encouraging disobedience of lockdown restrictions and opposition to vaccination against the disease. At the same time, because of their structure and functioning, social media networks have facilitated the production and distribution of such false information. YouTube has also been identified as a source of medical information including COVID-19 hoaxes. This research focusses on an analysis of a video viewing network on YouTube to trace the connection between various videos recommended on the platform and determine the content of the videos that compose that network. To achieve this, we carry out a content analysis supported by specialised software to extract and analyse the videos. The results reveal a limited network of videos about COVID-19, strongly related to each other. Its amateur aesthetic stands out, as well as the frequent appearance of certain personalities who, as opinion leaders in a scenario of the delegitimization of traditional institutions, become catalysts for hoaxes and fake news that call for civil disobedience and, sometimes, show links with the extreme right. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] La COVID-19 ha generado un escenario de crisis social que ha demandado una amplia producción de información, también médica. En este escenario, han proliferado bulos y noticias falsas sobre cuestiones de salud que han alentado a la desobediencia sobre las medidas de confinamiento o la oposición a la vacunación contra la enfermedad. Paralelamente, las redes sociales, por su estructura y funcionamiento, han facilitado la producción y distribución de informaciones falsas. YouTube, además, ha sido identificada como una fuente de información médica que contiene también engaños sobre la COVID-19. Esta investigación se centra en el análisis de una red de visionado de vídeos en YouTube, con el objetivo de trazar la conexión entre diversos vídeos recomendados en la plataforma y observar los contenidos de los vídeos que forman parte de dicha red. Para ello, llevamos a cabo un análisis de contenido apoyado en software especializado para la extracción y análisis de los vídeos. Los resultados muestran una red limitada de vídeos sobre la COVID-19, fuertemente relacionados entre ellos. Destaca su estética amateur, así como la aparición frecuente de ciertos sujetos que, como líderes de opinión en un escenario de deslegitimación de las instituciones tradicionales, se convierten en catalizadores de bulos y noticias falsas que llaman a la desobediencia civil y, en ocasiones, muestran vínculos con la extrema derecha. (Spanish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Communication & Society is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

La agenda de los grupos de interés frente a la COVID-19: el rastro digital en Twitter

Los grupos de interés están teniendo un rol fundamental en la resolución de los problemas generados por la pandemia COVID-19 porque abordan múltiples asuntos y representan a los grupos sociales en torno a un reto social sin precedentes. Múltiples organizaciones expresan cada día las preocupaciones y demandas de sus constituyentes, forjando de esta manera una agenda en la que se debate cómo hacer frente a los múltiples efectos de la pandemia en diversos sectores. Sin embargo, dada la dinámica de atención propia de la situación de emergencia y la diversidad de los temas, es difícil seguir la diversidad y complejidad de múltiples actores y asuntos. Este artículo describe la agenda de los grupos de interés en España a partir de las publicaciones en la red social Twitter de las 140 organizaciones más activas entre marzo de 2018 y marzo de 2021. Mediante la clasificación automática de texto es posible concluir que la atención agregada por tipos de grupos de interés a los principales asuntos de la agenda varía poco a partir del estallido de la crisis provocada por la pandemia. La atención a las dimensiones sanitarias, sociopolíticas y económicas relacionadas con la COVID-19 sigue patrones similares entre los diferentes tipos de grupos y es transversal a los asuntos de la agenda. Estos resultados demuestran que los grupos de interés continúan ejerciendo sus funciones de representación de intereses sin alterar significativamente su comportamiento en respuesta a la crisis.Alternate : Interest groups are playing a fundamental role in solving the problems generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, as they address multiple issues and represent social groups around an unprecedented social challenge. Multiple organizations express their constituents’concerns and demands every day, thus forging an agenda in which they debate how to deal with the multiple effects of the pandemic in various sectors. However, given the dynamics of attention inherent to the emergency situation and the diversity of issues, it is difficult to follow the diversity and complexity of multiple actors and issues. This article describes the agenda of interest groups in Spain, based on the publications on Twitter by the 140 most active organizations between March 2018 and March 2021. Using automated text classification, it is possible to conclude that the aggregate attention by types of interest groups to the main items on the agenda vary little after the outbreak of the crisis caused by the pandemic. Attention to the health, socio-political and economic dimensions related to COVID-19 follows similar patterns among the different types of groups and is transversal to the issues on the agenda. These results show that interest groups continue to carry out their interest representation function without significantly altering their behaviour in response to the crisis.

Redes sociales: el carnaval, el mito y el héroe

En el presente documento intentaremos no recurrir a determinismos, ya sean apocalípticos o integrados (Eco, 2004), sino que apelaremos a generar nuevas lecturas y preguntas desde una perspectiva crítica. De esta forma, nos proponemos abordar -en torno a las redes sociales- algunas concepciones teóricas sobre la figura del carnaval y la máscara, como también, desarrollar articulaciones en torno a la noción de exposición y del mito del héroe para repensar la participación ciudadana en la red. Transversalmente, se intentarán evidenciar las posibles tensiones en relación a la mercantilización de la cotidianeidad, a través de la instauración de necesidades, el consumo incesante y la manipulación subjetiva que subyace en ciertas estrategias del mercado vía redes sociales, intensificadas más aún en épocas de COVID-19. La máscara y los personajes que encarnan se materializan como analizadores que permiten visualizar aquello que podría estar detrás, lo oculto, y asimismo, posibilitan distinguir entre –lo que aquí denominamos- las identidades inventadas (usuarios) y las identidades construidas históricamente, aquellas que nos nombran y nos dan pertenencia en una genealogía (el nombre propio). En el complejo ordenamiento social y simbólico que producen las redes, entendemos que existen expresiones de múltiples violencias: de género, ambiental, económica, psicológica, violencias sobre los derechos de grupos, sobre los valores colectivos. Es decir, bajo la lógica de la reproducción social de las desigualdades, para que haya héroes debe haber caídos.Alternate :This article will not try to resort to determinisms, but rather appeal to generate new readings and questions from a critic perspective. We propose to address –regarding social networks- some theoretical conceptions about the carnival figure and the mask, and also, to develop articulations around the notion of exposure and the myth of the hero to re-think the citizen’s participation in the net. Furthermore, we’ll try to evidentiate the possible tensions with the commercialization of the every day life, through the creation of needs, non stop consumerism and the subjective manipulation underlying in certain market strategies via social networks, intensified even more in times of COVID-19. The mask and the characters represented are analyzers that allow us to visualize what might be beneath and so, they enable distinguishing between –what we here denominate- the invented identities (users) and the historically constructed identities, those that name us and give us belonging in a genealogy (our own name). In the complex social and symbolic organization that nets produce, we understand that there are expressions of multiple violences: of gender, environmental, economic, psychological, rights, the collective values. Under the logic of the social reproduction of inequalities, for there to be heroes it must have defeats.

Unpacking government social media messaging strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in China

A core aspect of agile governance is effectively managing communications between a government and its citizens. However, doing so during an emergency?particularly a pandemic?is often complex and challenging. In this article, we examine how various levels of the Chinese government (central, provincial, and municipal) communicated with the public in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyzing government social media posts during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan (?text as data?), we conduct topic modeling analysis and identify four strategies that characterize Chinese governments? responses to a variety of issues at the ground level, which we label instructing information, adjusting information, advocacy, and bolstering. The results show that local government agencies predominantly used the first two strategies, whereas the central government mainly relied on the last two. These strategies explain how various levels of government engaged in agile governance through their communication with citizens, highlight the coordination and control work undertaken by governments at all levels, and demonstrate how these methods shielded the central government from blame for the pandemic.

¿Quién cree las fake news? Análisis de la relación entre consumo de medios y la percepción de veracidad de noticias falsas sobre la enfermedad COVID-19 en Nuevo León, Méxic

Este estudio, que presenta los resultados de una encuesta en línea aplicada a la población del estado de Nuevo León, México (n=743), aporta un retrato de características individuales y hábitos de consumo de información que están relacionados con la creencia de fake news sobre la enfermedad COVID-19. Se encontraron relaciones entre la edad (asociación positiva) y nivel educativo (asociación negativa) y la proclividad a creer en noticias falsas, lo cual acentúa la necesidad de extender esfuerzos de alfabetización mediática. Asimismo, los resultados indican que quienes consumen con más frecuencia noticias en periódicos impresos o en línea y en Internet son menos propensos a creer en fake news sobre la enfermedad, lo cual se alinea con la escuela de pensamiento sobre efectos de medios de comunicación –la teoría de movilización– que destaca una influencia positiva de estos en la sociedad. En cambio, en los hallazgos se observa que el mayor uso de YouTube para informarse —y no otras redes sociales como suele pensarse— es un factor vinculado positivamente con la creencia de noticias falsas sobre COVID-19, por lo que se debe poner especial atención a acciones tomadas para combatir desinformación en ese espacio.Alternate : This study, which presents the results of an online survey applied to the population of the state of Nuevo León, Mexico (n = 743), provides a portrait of individual characteristics and media use habits that are related to the belief of fake news about the disease COVID-19. Relationships were found between age (positive association) and educational level (negative association) and the proclivity to believe in false news, which accentuates the need to extend media literacy efforts. Likewise, the results indicate that those who consume news in print or online newspapers and on the Internet more frequently are less likely to believe in fake news about the disease, which is aligned with the school of thought on media effects —the theory mobilization— which highlights a positive influence of these in society. On the other hand, the findings show that YouTube —and not other social media as is often thought— is a factor positively linked to the belief in false news about COVID-19, so special attention should be paid to actions taken to combat disinformation in that space.

Attendee Survey and Practical Appraisal of a Telegram®-Based Dermatology Congress During the COVID-19 Confinement. / Congreso virtual de dermatología realizado a través de Telegram® durante el confinamiento de la COVID-19: organización y evaluación.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak introduced dramatic changes in all our lives, daily practice, and medical conferences. In search of a tool to spread dermatologic knowledge during confinement, an online medical meeting was held on April 25th to 26th, 2020. In this study, we aimed to assess the characteristics, opinion and satisfaction of the attendees to a free-of-charge online congress. Secondarily, we intended to explain how this meeting was prepared. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Online survey administered to the attendees to an online congress organised via the Telegram® Messenger App. Its organisation and planning, which needed no financial support and was done by volunteer organisers, moderators and speakers, is described step by step. RESULTS: The satisfaction of both speakers and attendees was very high. All participants considered that this format had a great present and future, and most of them rated it as superior to regular face-to-face meetings. Female gender and predominantly private practice favoured this opinion. DISCUSSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the cancellation of most scientific gatherings. This has been seen by some authors as an excellent opportunity, encouraging medical societies and organisations to lead the change to virtual meetings. Although confinement did not allow real contact, our online meeting showed it was possible to ensure interaction and participation between attendees, moderators and speakers. Dermatologists enjoyed some dermatologic science, even despite the extraordinary circumstances disrupting their daily clinical practice. Most of them felt they were participating in something new and compelling that many felt superior to traditional meetings.

Writing, memory and care - testimonies by health workers in times of the pandemic / Escrita, memória e cuidado - testemunhos de trabalhadores de saúde na pandemia / Escritura, memoria y cuidado - testimonios del trabajador de la salud en tiempos de pandemia / Écriture, mémoire et soins - témoignages des travailleurs de la santé en temps de pandêmie

Apresentamos, no presente artigo, o percurso teórico e prático que envolveu a criação do projeto Pausas e Pousos - Vivências do Trabalhador de Saúde em Tempos de Pandemia. A inciativa tem por objetivo conhecer as vivências dos trabalhadores de saúde na pandemia de COVID-19, no cenário nacional. Apresentamos o modo de conhecimento narrativo e o testemunho como uma modalidade particular de produção narrativa, examinando modalidades morais da recepção de testemunhos de profissionais de saúde. Discutimos ainda como o uso de plataformas digitais pode servir como recurso para a produção de memória. Por último, descrevemos a construção de um espaço de escrita, memória, cuidado e diálogo através de intervenções artísticas em ferramentas digitais, afirmando a aposta no poder que o compartilhamento de histórias pode exercer sobre as angústias e sofrimentos emocionais dos trabalhadores de saúde.

This article presents the theoretical and practical path involving the creation of the Pausas e Pousos (Pauses and Landings) Project - Health Worker Experiences in Times of the Pandemic. The initiative aims to take a closer look at the experiences of health workers in the Brazilian scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic. Narrative knowledge and testimony are presented as special modalities of narrative production, analyzing the moral modalities of receiving the health professionals' testimonies. The use of digital platforms as a resource for the production of memories was also discussed. Last, we describe the creation of a space for writing, memories, care and dialogue through artistic interventions using digital tools and highlight the power that sharing stories may have on coping with fear and emotional distress of health workers.

Cet article décrit le cheminement théorique et pratique qui a impliqué la création du projet Pauses et Poses - Expériences de travailleurs de la santé en temps de pandémie. L'initiative vise à connaître les expériences des travailleurs de la santé pendant la pandémie de COVID-19 au Brésil. Nous présentons le mode de connaissance narrative et de témoignage comme un mode particulier de production narrative en examinant les modalités morales de réception des témoignages de professionnels de santé. Ensuite, nous décrivons comment l'utilisation des plateformes digitales peut servir de ressource pour la production de mémoire. Pour finir, nous présentons la construction d'un espace d'écriture, de mémoire, de soins et de dialogue à partir d'interventions artistiques sur les outils numériques, affirmant le pari sur le pouvoir que le partage d'histoires peut exercer sur l'angoisse et la souffrance émotionnelle des travailleurs de la santé.

En este artículo presentamos el camino teórico y práctico de la creación del Proyecto Pausas y Aterrizajes - Experiencias del Trabajador de la Salud en Tiempos de Pandemia. La iniciativa tiene como objetivo conocer las experiencias de los trabajadores de la salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19, en el escenario brasileño. Presentamos el modo de conocimiento narrativo y el testimonio como modalidad particular de producción narrativa, examinando modalidades morales de la recepción de testimonios de los profesionales de la salud. También discutimos cómo el uso de plataformas digitales puede servir como recurso para la producción de memoria. Finalmente, describimos la construcción de un espacio de escritura, memoria, cuidado y diálogo mediante intervenciones artísticas en herramientas digitales, reafirmando el poder que el intercambio de historias puede ejercer sobre la angustia y el sufrimiento emocional de los trabajadores de la salud.